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all right hello everyone my name is

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Jordan mckaig and I am a PhD candidate

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at Georgia Tech I'm working with Dr

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Chris Carr on using solid state

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nanopores to detect biosignatures and

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think about potential for agnostic life

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detection

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so throughout our universe or throughout

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our solar system rather there are a

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variety of planetary bodies that have

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conditions thought to be hospitable for

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life so things that are in the middle of

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this fine diagram containing the right

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raw materials energy sources solvents

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and climate conditions for living things

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to possibly persist many of these

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environments are aqueous and saline

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environments and as we've discussed

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previously today and yesterday salts

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have a major influence on the ability of

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an organism to live in an environment as

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well as the potential for Bio signature

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um excuse me sorry biosignature

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preservation and I'm particularly

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interested in how salts can interact

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with these biomolecules in terms of

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doing detection with nanopores

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so specifically the biosignatures that

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I'm interested in are nucleic acids and

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ribosomes nucleic acids that's your DNA

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and RNA it's a linear charge polymer

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that is responsible for storing and

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regulating genetic information ribosomes

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are cellular Machinery that translate

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this information into usable proteins

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um

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oh sorry

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excuse me um nucleic acids and ribosomes

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are ubiquitous to all known life and are

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part of the central dogma of biology so

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this is a paradigm in biology that

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traces the flow of information from

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these charged Polymers of DNA and RNA um

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through proteins

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so it's been proposed that molecules of

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similar structure and function but

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different biochemistry from some of

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these things could actually serve as

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evidence for life as we don't know it

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um in 2017 it was proposed that linear

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charged polymers with repeating units

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analogous to nucleic acids like DNA and

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RNA could serve as an agnostic bat

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signature and we are also working on a

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paper arguing that translation

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performing molecules of a quantized size

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analogous ribosomes could similarly

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serve this function since these don't

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have the same biochemistry of Life as we

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know it here on Earth it would require

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detection with a method that doesn't

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necessitate any specific chemical

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composition which leads us to solid

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state nanopores this is an agnostic mode

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of detection which requires a molecule

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to be suspended in a conductive solution

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so your nanopore here is a nanometer

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scale pore that's drilled into a

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membrane a current is passed over it and

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a voltage or a pressure differential

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drives molecules through the pore as

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things go through on these

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translocations create blockages and

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current which can be used to get

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information about the biomolecules

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and I just want to highlight again this

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does not require specific biochemistry

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making it exciting for not only

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investigating living things here on

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Earth but also potentially elsewhere in

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the solar system

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so what we did was show a proof of

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concept for something called the Ontario

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Nano counter which was a proprietary um

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solid state nanoportion shreds and these

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are all the different biomolecules that

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we analyze including some DNA samples

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RNA and ribosomes and if you'd like to

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hear more details about how specifically

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this went down please come talk to me at

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my poster

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and then also I have some of the example

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um results so first we have a few graphs

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showing just different example events

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with signature specific events for each

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biomolecule structure and then some heat

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maps showing the change in conductance

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in the dwell time for all the events in

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a specific run and then some overlaid

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samples of what all these events looked

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like and what I just want to highlight

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here is let's see do I have

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okay great

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um I have overlay DNA events all here in

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the blue this is a circular plasmid um

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so it's just a circular piece of DNA and

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it is a pretty short dwell time but also

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a much larger change in current and this

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is probably due to the circular

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structure instead of a linear polymer

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um so when you have a circular piece of

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DNA going through the nanopore you would

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have four strands of DNA instead of the

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two strands that's in a regular linear

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fragment similarly for linear fragments

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we have these two right here with this

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one in red being a shorter fragment and

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the one in black being a longer fragment

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which is reflected in that longer dwell

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time

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then I also have the data for the

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ribosomal detection so there are a few

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key classes of results here the ones in

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box a we interpreted as being intact

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ribosomes since they're larger and um

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than things in box B would have been

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smaller particles which we actually

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think were ribosomal fragments so we

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thought that maybe we had some issues

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with the buffer causing that

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precipitation which allows us not only

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um analyze the exact intact ribosomes as

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well as fragments themselves so if you'd

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like to hear more please come talk to me

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at my poster I'll be at number 19 which

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is um kind of over by the window thank

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you all

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]